CILICIA
Cilicië
Cilicia
Back to Turkey
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History |
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Cilicia Under the rule of the Seljuks, a large number
of the Armenian principalities disappeared, but south of the Taurus
Mountains, a certain Rupen, a monarch from Little Armenia (in the northeast
of present-day Turkey), was able to withdraw from their rule. He was the
founder of the Rupenid dynasty which remained in power in Cilicia or New
Armenia until 1226 and was succeeded by kings from the Hethumidian House and
later by kings from the House of Lusignan from France. During the Crusades, the princes of Lampron
in Cilicia came into close contact with the West. At the end of the twelfth
century, Prince Leo II succeeded in having himself recognized by the emperor
and pope as king of Armenia. On 6 January 1199, he was crowned in Tarsus by
the Papal Nuncio Conrad of Wittelsbach and the Imperial Chancellor Conrad of
Hildesheim. He and his successors therefore called themselves “King of the
Armenians,” and this may refer to the population of Cilicia in particular as
well as to the Armenian population of Asia Minor in general. Thus, in their
titles, they clearly positioned themselves as rivals of the sultans of Rum
for rule over the Armenians, but it should be noted that the area actually
under their control included only Cilicia while the rest of Armenia was under
the rule of the Rum Seljuks (Ikonion) remained. Immediately after his coronation, coins
struck under his reign show a lion passant with a patriarchal cross. The lion
is probably not a reference to its name. In common symbolism, the combination
represents a subordinate commander (the lion) under Byzantine or Nicene
suzerainty (the patriarchal cross). On the contrary, the name Leo is rather a
reference to the rank occupied by the monarch. During the entire period of the kingdom (1199-1375)
the Armenian coins continued to show a lion passant with a cross staff.
Initially together with a patriarchal or double cross, later with a cross
moline The lion was also heraldized, at least in
Western sources. In the Wijnbergen
Roll two mentions of a coat of arms for the king of Armenia occur. The first
is, for “le.Roi.dermine”: Red, a walking, a crowned golden lion gardant with
a patriarchal cross on its back. [1]] This coat of arms with the lion
with the patriarchal cross is probably an early Western heraldic
construction. The lion with the common cross appears to
have had other colors. Gelre shows a red lion passant with a cross staff on a
golden field. On the shield a helmet with the same but now crowned lion for
crest and helmets in the colors of the Armenian flag [2]). The
reversal of colors may certainly be related to the reorientation of the
Armenian Church to Rome at the Council of Sis (1307-08). There the Armenian
Church was united with the Church of Rome. From this time on, the cross that
the lion carries on coins is also a latin cross. [3]) ) The coat of arms with the lion with the cross
appears one more time after the conquest of Armenia by Timur Lenk in 1387. It
is in the Report of the Council of Contstanz by Ulrich Richental (1417 ca), the
lion crowned, the cross in the shield head instead of on a cross staff. The
caption reads: Rex hermenie ist vnder dem Kaiser kan (The king of Armenia is
under the Khan, namely the son of Timur, Shahrukh (1405-1447) [4]) Another coat of arms for “le.Roy dermenie”
appears in Wijnbergen Roll. It is: Gold, a red lion rampant gardant While the Seljuk sultan, originally from
Turkey, ruled the Armenian Christian population of Romania - the Rupenids
were of Armenian origin, so Cilicia can be considered a truly Armenian state. Because of the close relations with the West,
among other things because Leo I (II) [5]] was crowned king by the Papal
Nuncio and the Reich Chancellor in 1199, the Cilician kings are also more
prominent in Western heraldry than the sultans of Rum The spire is bitten off
by the Cilician coins from the time of the kingdom, with on the reverse side a lion passant, usually
with a patriarchal cross over the shoulder, but sometimes also with a staff
with a cross moline. [6]]]
That's why the second coat of arms is undoubtedly that of Leo II
(1270-‘89). Several portraits are known of him, but for us his portrait as a
prince from 1256 is the most interesting. In that year Hethum I (1226-‘69)
made a trip to Karakorum to submit to the Mongol Khan Möngke there. Its
purpose was to be safeguarded from the war that Hülegü, a grandson of Djengiz
Khan, then undertook to subdue Persia and Iraq. The portrait of Prince Leo II
must be seen in the light of Mongol suzerainty. It represents him dressed in
a long blue robe (divetesion)
studded with medallions in which a golden lion passant to the sinister above
which is a moon with a golden sickle and an orange-red shadow side. Above his
head, two angels hold up a red sun with a golden corona and a moon similar to
that above the lions on long rods. The sun and the moon are undoubtedly the
symbols of the Mongol Khans described by Marco Polo: “.... Above his head his
banner with the symbol of the sun and the moon flew so high that he could be
seen from all sides. used to be." [7]] The lion, as we have seen, was the symbol of
a very high Mongol commander, and so it is likely that Leo II, if he were
allowed to use a lion, was given an appointment as commander of all of
Möngke's Armenians, an appointment already must have been as unrealistic as
the appointment of Leo I as king of all Armenians. It should also be taken
into account that the 'lion' on Leo II's robe can also represent a leopard or
tiger, and then we are in somewhat lower ranks of the Mongol war hierarchy.
The 'leopardized' lion in the second coat of arms in the Weapon Roll
Wijnbergen would then be a Western translation of a Mongolian war symbol,
probably based on oral tradition. [8]] Hülegü's conquest was relatively short-lived,
and after his departure in 1258, the Mamluk sultan of Egypt, Baibars, took
advantage of his absence to subjugate the Christian states of the Near East.
Antioch fell in 1268 and Hethum I could only make peace by meeting high
standards. In 1269 he retired to a monastery and was succeeded by Leo II. A coat of arms with a white lion on a blue
field occurs in the period of a 10-year truce between the Sultan of Egypt and
Hethum II from 1281 to 1291. So this lion will certainly not represent such
an important position in the war hierarchy as the lions of Kaikosrau II and
Leo II, but rather the position of dux of comes, as in the West. In that
respect, Hethum II's position in the Near East was no more different from the
earlier princes of Antioch, the king of Cyprus, the emir of Alexandria and
the sharif of Mecca, all of whom also used a lion as military insignia. After
the hostilities were resumed in 1292 with varying results, the coat of arms
with the red lion also appears on the golden field. Until the 20th century it
was regarded as the coat of arms of 'Armenia', whereby it is not stated which
Armenia is intended. |
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Heraldry |
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After the territorial reform of Diocletian
the provinces of Cilicia I and II (Diocese Oriens). The insignia of the
highest administrative officials in this area are a folio inscribed Florea Inter alelectos ordinis primi (That you may floewer between the elected
authorities of the firs rank) and a scroll (not depicted in the Notitia)
In the Byzantine theme the governors of
Cilicia bore the title of sebastos. In the
12-13th century the achievement was a patriachal cross supported by two lions
reversed reguardant
The royal
arms a lion passsant bearing a patriarchal cross
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Rulers |
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Seneqerim Hovhannes |
1022-1026 |
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Davith |
1027-1037 |
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At’om |
1037-1080 |
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Gagik of Kars |
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Rupenids |
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Osin Rupen |
Lord of Lampron 1080-1095 |
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Constantine I |
1095-1099 |
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Thoros (Theodorus)
I |
1099-1129 |
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Leo I |
1129-1137 |
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Direct Byzantine
Rule |
1137-1145 |
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Thoros II |
1145-1169 |
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Mleh |
1170-1175 |
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Rupen II |
1175-1187 |
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Leo (II) I the Great |
1187-1199 King 06.01.1199-1219 |
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Leo II had been an ally of Frederick
Barbarossa and was made to be recognized as king by Henry VI and Pope
Celestinus III. On 6 January 1199, he was crowned in Saint Sofia in Tarsus by
Cardinal Conrad of Wittelsbach, Archbishop of Mainz. It is not clear whether
this meant that he became king of New or Lesser Armenia, which consisted of
Cilicia and its environs, or whether the title covered more and also related
to the part of Armenia occupied by the Seljuks. The title was in any case:
King of the Armenians, and therefore has a national and no territorial
significance
Golden Bull. 1207 Seal of Majesty: Leo I on his throne, crowned and with globe
and fleur de lis L.: X LE/ON TCAG/AWOR HAYOC (Leo, King of Armenians). Rev.: The
armenian crowned lion wig cross in his right paw. L.: X LEON I KC(RIST)E AY TCAGAWOR HAYOC (Leo by Chris and God king of the
Armenians . (ASVat A.A.Arm. I-XVIII, 629; Sigilla n 214, afb. p. 215). |
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The cross |
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Levon II. (I.), 1187-1199-1219. Ku.-Tank,
Sis; 7.44 g. Crowned lion’s head // patriarchal cross between two stars
Levon II. (I.), 1187-1199-1219. Ku.-Tank,
Sis; 7.44 g. Crowned lion’s head // patriarchal cross between two stars
Levon II. (I.), 1187-1199-1219. Ku.-Tank,
Sis; 7.44 g. Crowned lion’s head // patriarchal cross between two stars |
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The arms |
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Levon II. (I.), 1187-1199-1219. A Double
tram; 5.56 g. Seated king with globe and fleur de lis // crowned lion passant
gardant with patriarchal cross
Levon II. (I.), 1187-1199-1219. A Double
tram; 5.56 g. Seated king with globe and fleur de lis // crowned lion
with patriarchal cross |
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The achievement [9] |
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The Achievement as on coins of Leo the Great (1199-1219)
Levon II.
(I.), 1187-1199-1219. AV-Tram; 2.82 g. King kneels before Christ, between
birds within halo // Patriarchal cross between two lions rampant regardant
Levon II.
(I.), 1187-1199-1219. AV-Tram; 2.94 g. King seated on throne with cross and
fleur de lis // Patriarchal cross between two lions rampant regardant. Levon II.
(I.), 1187-1199-1219. AV-Tram; 2.99 g. King seated on throne with patriarchal
cross and fleur de lis // Patriarchal cross between two lions rampant regardant.
Le Roi dorient: de Gueules, a patrirarchal
cross Or Wijnbergen
Roll n°1309 (1269 ca) |
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Isabella Constantine Lampron Philip of Antiochia Constantine Lampron Hethum I (so of Constantine) |
*1212 ca- † 23.01.1252 regent 1219-1223 1 ¥ 1223-1224 1224-1226 2 ¥ 1226-1252 |
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At the age of 14 Isabella was forced into
marriage with Constantine of Barbaron’s son who was subsequently crowned King
Hetum I in Tarsus in June 1226. She is said to have refused
to consummate the marriage for several years. In the year 1226, the Armenian princes,
together with the Catholicos, Lord Constantine, assembled and
enthroned Hethum, son of Constantine, bailli of the Armenians, and also gave him, as
a wife. Isabel, King Leo’s daughter. Thereafter there was peace in the House
of the Armenians, and year by year they strived for the heights. Constantine of Barbaron now thought it wise
to reconcile Armenia with the Papacy: loyal messengers were sent in the name of
the young couple to the Pope and to the Emperor Frederick
II. Although Bohemond IV and later his son, Bohemond
V attempted to persuade the Pope to arrange a divorce between Isabella
and Hethum, but both he and King Henry I of Cyprus were
specifically forbidden by Rome to attack the Armenians. The marriage was
legalized by Rome in 1237. On coins
a lion with a latin cross KOSTANDIN, son of HETHUM [III] Lord of
Lampron & his second wife -([1180] - executed 29 Jun 1250). The Chronique du Royaume de la Petite Arménie
of Constable Sempad names "Constantin, fils de Héthoum, seigneur de
Lampron", when recording that he was captured by Sultan Kaykaous at the
fortress of Gaban on 26 Jan 1216/24 Jan 1217 The Chronicle attributed to King Hethum II
records that "Sultan Kakauz" besieged "Kapan fortress"
from 27 Jan 1216/25 Jan 1217 and captured "the prince of the Armenians,
Kostandin the Constable”, the senior paron and Kostandin, son of the lord of
Lambron, and Kyr Sahak lord of Maghvay, and others", and that on 26 Jan
1218/25 Jan 1219 "king Lewon gave the sultan the fortresses of Loulon
and Lauzada as the prince for freeing his imprisoned princes". He
succeeded as Lord of Lampron 1220-1249. He was regent of Armenia during the
minority of Queen Zabel. He was executed, with his son, for his rebellion
against Hethum I King of Armenia and his collusion with the Seljuk Sultan of
Rum. Married (1220) STEPHANIE, daughter of KOSTANDIN Lord of Barbaron [Hethum]
([1200/05]-before 1274). She is named Stephanie (deceased) in the
Tetraevangelium of her son Oshin, dated to 1274. Her parentage is confirmed
by the Chronicle of Sempad which names "…Oshin son of the sister of King
Hethum I…" among those sent to Egypt as hostages in 1268[1120]. Lord Kostandin & his wife had five
children: |
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Hethum I |
1226-1269 |
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Hethum I (1213 – 21 October 1270)
( from Armenian: Հեթում Ա) ruled the Armenian Kingdom of
Cilicia (also known as "Little Armenia") from 1226 to 1270. He
was the son of Constantine, Lord of Baberon (d. 1263) and Princess
Alix Pahlavouni of Lampron (a third-cousin of Leo I) and was
the founder of the dynasty which bears his name: the Hetoumids. Due to diplomatic relations with
the Mongol Empire, Hethum himself traveled to the Mongol court
in Karakorum, Mongolia, which was recorded in the famous
account The Journey of Haithon, King of Little Armenia, To Mongolia and
Back by Hetoum's companion, the Armenian historian Kirakos
Gandzaketsi. Persuaded
of the futility of resistance, he decided to submit to the Mongols and went
to Kara-korum to pay homage to Mangu Khan (1251-’59)
Hetoum
I., 1226-1271. AV-Tram; 2.99 g. Rider and latin cross // four lines arab
script
Hetoum
I., 1226-1271. AV-Tram; 2.93 g. Crowned lion passant gardant latin ross on
his back // King and Queen with cross staff
Hetoum
I., 1226-1271. AV-Tram; 2.93 g. Crowned lion passant gardant latin ross on
his back a cross staff // King and Queen with cross staff.
Hetoum I., 1226-1271. AV-Tram; 1.40 g.
Crowned lion passant gardant latin ross on his back // King and Queen with
cross staff On his coins the cross of the armenian patriarchate
Hetoum I., 1226-1271. Ku.-Tank, Sis; 7.51 g.
Seated king with fler de lis and globe//Square cross bottony between four
stars
Hetoum I., 1226-1271. Ku.-Tank, Sis; 7.29 g.
Seated king with fler de lis and globe a cross staff // Square cross bottony
between four stars
Hetoum I., 1226-1271. Ku.-Kardez, Sis; 5.72
g. Rider with sceptre // Square cross bottony between four stars
Hetoum I.,
1226-1271. Ku.-Kardez, Sis; 4.96 g. Seated king // square cross bottony
between four stars |
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Mongol invasion 1231-1235 Persuaded of the futility of resistance,
Hethum decided to submit to the Mongols and went to Kara-korum to pay homage
to Mangu Khan (1251-’59)
Portrait of the royal family Gospels of Gagik of Kars.
Jeruzalm Armenian Patrachate n ° 2556 The dress of the king
decorated with unicorns gardant within medallions on the dress of the qeen
cocks. On the seat elephants
Unicorn / ibex emblem of high ranking courtier and
supreme commander The
piece is usually dated in the time of Gagik of Kars (1042=1045) The date is not free from doubt because the large
medallions on the royal dress are more from the first half of the 13th
century rather than from the eleventh. The
person represented on the leaf would then be: Constantine (Regent 1224-1226); Hethum I (his son); and
Queen Isabella. In that
case the unicorn should be the badge of rank of a (supreme-) commander In 1256 Hülegü.
a grandson of Djengiz Khan. conquered Persia and Iraq. |
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From the same year is a portrait of the son
of Hethum I, Leo II
Prince Leo II
(1256) dressed in a red chlamys and a blue divetesion
decorated with large medallions with golden lions surmounted by a moon on a
blue field. and. a red sun and golden crescent which should be the state
emblems of the Mongols of Hülegü A few years before 1256 Hethum I had done homage to Mangku Khan and in the year of the creation of the image, Hülegü conquered Persia and Iraq. Mongol suzerainty would explain why the angels hold a red sun and a white moon above Leo’s head. The residence of the katholikos of Armenia, Kostandin I (1221-1267), was then still in Hromklay. However, after the departure of
the Mongols of Hülegu Khan in 1258, the Mamluks again pushed forward in 1268,
subdued Antioch and forced Hethum into a severe peace treaty. Hethum I abdicated in 1269 and died a monk in
1270. The arms of Armenia in the
Wijnbergen Roll date from the period between the departure of the Mongols and
the arrival of the Mamluks:
1269 ca Wijnbergen n ° 1301
le.Roi.dermine: Gules, a crowned lion passant gardant with a patriarchal
cross on his back.
1269 ca Wijnbergen n ° 1269: le.Roy dermenie:
Or, a lion rampant gardant It is obvious to accept that these arms
are of Hethum I and Leo III. [1269 ca Wijnbergen n ° 1293: le Roi de tarse: white, a red jumping rabbit. (?) Possibly: Hülegü]
Levon II., 1270-1289. AV-Tram,
Sis; 2.55 g. Rider with patriarchal crossr. Rev. :Crowned lion passant
gardant with patriarchal cross [Compare Kaikosrau II of Ikonion (1237-1245)
Mongol protectorate (1243-1330) coins with a lion with sun and stars] |
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Hethumids |
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Leo II |
1270-1289 |
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Son of Hethum I and Isabella
Gospels of Queen Keran, 1272 1272 King Leo II and his family. On the
right is Queen Keran. Between them on the left Hethum (II) Toros and Smpad.
The oldest girl on the right is possibly Isabella who married Amalrik of
Lusignan in 1292 and became the ancestor of the Lusignans in Armenia. The
king in divetesion and chlamys are both red. On his head a plate crown,
comparable to a crown of a sebastokrator, i.e. a low diadem with a large red
stone in the middle. Jerusalem,
Armenian Patriarchat, n° 2563, fol. 380 °
1273 Walfords Roll (C 14): „Le roy
d'Ermeny, d'or un leon rampant gulez un border gulez indentee” (The king of
Armenia , Or, a lion rampant and a
border indented Gules On coins the armenian lion with a
patriarchal cross (Pl. XXXI) 1280 Camden Roll: „Le rey de Ermenie,
l'escu de ermine a un croiz de goules od une corone d'or”. The King of
Armenia a shield ermine a cross Gules charged with a golden crown. In February 1278 there were messengers from the King of Armenia at the court of Naples (Arch. Stor. It. Vol. 1 pp. 2-4). On 1 April Charles sends one of his counselors, Nicholas of St. Andemaire, to the King of Armenia (l.c. p. 225). He is supposed to first bring his sister to the Prince of Tripoli. A messenger from the latter had stayed with Charles in February. (l.c. p. 6). Also in April 1279 an envoy from the prince stayed with Charles (l.c. vol. 2 p. 199) and towards the end of the year a new one came who returned home in January 1280 (l.c. vol. 3, p. 5). (W. Norden in "Das Papsttum und Byzanz in note 1 op p. 629). It is quite possible that an
alliance with Charles of Anjou, who had also been King of Jerusalem since
1277, included the use of a coat of arms with a cross. G.J. Brault believes
in Early Blazon on pp. 35-37 (The arms of Brittanny) that the arms with the
cross are talking arms because of the similarity between "Ermeny"
and "Ermine" and also notes that these arms are attributed in the
literature to Tristan, whose empire was also called Ermenie. However, the one
does not necessarily exclude the other. Truce with the Mamluks 1281-1291 Finally, there is an exceptional
coat of arms to mention that appears in the Gelre Herald Roll of Arms. In it,
under the title 'die coninc vā aarmenyen', there is a coat of arms with
a red lion passant with a cross staff on a golden field. The shield is
covered with a helmet with the lion of the coat of arms as a crest. [10]] The lambrequines, with the Jerusalem coat
of arms, suggest that this is the coat of arms of Peter of Lusignan who was
king of Armenia from 1368 until he was murdered in Nicosia in January 1369.
He was the only Armenian king who was also (titular) king of Jerusalem. [11]] This coat of arms thus takes up the
tradition of the coat of arms of Leo I and is most likely also based on the
imagery of Cilician coins. [12]] ] In a manuscript from 1256, Leo
II is depicted with on his divetesion medallions with golden lions, above
which is a sun on a blue field. This can be explained by assuming that under
the Mongol suzerainty of Mangu Khan, Leo II also bore the rank insignia of a
Mongol monarch. According to Marco Polo, for a commander of 100,000 men,
these were a lion with a sun and a moon. [13]) Khaikosrau II of Ikonion, who
was under Mongol protection, also used this distinguishing mark on his coins.
In heraldic form, this lion is in the Segar's Roll in which a white (!) Lion
on a blue field is given for the coat of arms of the king of Armenia. In this
case, the blue could be a symbol of the fact that Armenia in fact no longer
belonged to the Roman Empire, in this case it was outside the sphere of
influence of Byzantium. Two other coats of arms are given in other rolls of
arms, namely gold, a lion rampant gardant and gold, a red lion within a red
border indented. [14]] For this, the sons of Leo II in the life of
their father are proposed. The red lion on gold later appears continuously on
the flag and in the coat of arms for Armenia. It can be found on 14th century
maps. After 1393 he stands, now crowned, in the arms of the Kings of Cyprus,
titular kings of Armenia.
1282 Segars Roll (G140): Rey de Ermenye: Azure a
lion rampant argent. [15] It is inexplicable whether the
change in color must reflect Leo II's tribute to the Sultan of Egypt, Qala'un
by the treaty of 1281. This tribute may have lasted until 1320 when Oshin of
Gorigos defeated the Mamluks at Ayas. This idea is further supported by
the fact that it can be deduced from the Vineyard Roll of Arms that the color
of the Islamic monarchs in the area south of the Mediterranean was blue.
An example of a silver coin of Alaiye showing the hexagram al as a symbol the armed forces. This coin has been struck in the
name of the mamluk sultan Al-ashraf sayf al-din Barsbay (825-841AH (1260-’77)).
weight, g: 0.7 / size, mm: 16.7 / mint: Alaiye (modern Alanya/Antalya). The hexagram being the symbol of armed
authority |
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Hethum II |
1289-1293 |
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Textbook of King Hethum II of 1286 Jerevan,
Matenadaran, n° 979, fol. 295. Detail of te frontispiece with a clipeus of Hethum, supported by
four lions, . In chief a square
multixoloured double cross On coins a cross (Pl. XXXVI) |
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Thoros |
1293-1295 |
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1293 Movement of the Armenian Patriachate
from Hromklay to Sis. |
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Hethum II |
2nd term 1295-1296 |
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On coins a cross (PL. XXXVI) On coins a cross (PL. XXXVI-XXXVII) And the
achivement (n°s 1655 - 1674). |
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Smpad |
1296-1298 |
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Brother of
van Hethum II The achievemnt accurs again on coins of Smpad |
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Constantine I |
1298-1299 |
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On coins a cross (n°s 1725-1730) |
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Hethum II |
3rd term 1299-1301 |
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Leo III |
1301-1307 |
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Mameluk invasion 1307 Onder Leo III vond het concilie van
Sis plaats (1307-’08) waarbij de Armeense kerk werd verenigd met de kerk van
Rome. Vanaf deze tijd is het kruis dat de leeuw draagt enkelvoudig. The cross of the catho;ocate is from this time a red square cross
betheen fou crosslets On coins a lion passant with a latin cross
(n°s 1734-1806). |
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Oshin |
1308-1320 |
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Brother of Hethum II Oshin defeated the Mameluks
at the Battle of Ayas in 1320. On his death on 20 July 1320,
Oshin was succeeded by his minor son Leo IV (sometimes referred to as Leo V). It was popularly believed that
Oshin was poisoned by his cousin (and brother-in-law) Oshin of Corycos. The achievementoccors again on
coins of Oshin |
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Leo IV Oshin, count of Corykos |
1320-1341 Regent 1320-1329 |
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Cilicia on the map of Angelino Dulcerta 1339 The flags of Iknonion (cunnyo), (pales indented) Corykos,
(crosses); Tarsus (lion) and in the dexter upper corner of the Catholicate
(cross) 1339 Angelino Dulcerta: Banner: Yellow, a red lion rampant.
Corincho: [...] the king of this land has a black
flag with five white crosses (Libro de Conoscimiento p. 20).
Banner of the Armenian Catholicate on the map of
Angelino Dulcerta 1339, with the the caption sauasto (Sis) Banner: White, a
red square cross between four smaller square crosses |
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House of Lusignan |
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Jean de
Lusignan |
Regent 1341-1342 |
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Guy de Lusignan |
1297-†17.04.1344 1342-1344 |
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So of Amaury de Lusignan and Isabella of
Armenië, dau. of. Leo II |
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Constantine II |
Elected 1344-1363 |
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Mary |
1363-1365 |
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Leo V, the Pretender, Lusignan |
*1342- † Paris, 1393 1363-1365 |
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Constantine III Neghir |
1365-1368 |
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son of Hethum II Op munten een gaande leeuw waarboven een spitsvoetig (voordrachts-?) kruis (n°s 2175-2235) |
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Peter I Lusignan |
*9.10.1328-†16.I.1369 King of Cyprus, titulairy king of Jeruzalem 1358-1369 King of Armenia 1368-1369 Count of Tripoli 1347-1358 |
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On coins a lio passant and a
procession cross (n°s 2130-2168).
1365 ca. Gelre fol 70 n° 750: Or. a lion passant Gules langued Azure
in his dexter a a staff crested with a
latin cross moline Crest: On a helmet lambrequined of
the arms of Jeruzalem the lion from the arms crowned [coninc va emeinen d’or au lion pass. de gu., lamp. d’az. tenant un bâton d’arg. sommé d’une croix enhendée de gu., C.: le lion des armes couronné d’or, cap. d’arg., cour. d’az.. L.: die conic vā ermeinen Bergshammer n° 3382. d’or
au lion de gu. (courtoisie).
L.: ormemen. Bergshammer n° 23.fol 4v] This annotation has to date from after 1368 when Hugues
became King of Armenia, as the last part describes the arms of that kingdom. |
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Constantine III Neghir |
1369-1374 |
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Leo V (VI) Lusignan |
1342- † Paris, 29.11.1393 1374-1375 |
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A cross on coins (n°s 2237-2245). 1374 Banner: Yellow. a red lion
rampant. (Catalaanse Atlas, B.N. Paris). Het graf van Leo V bevindt zich in Lyon. |
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Titulary Kings of Armenia, Kings of Cyprus. |
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Leo V (VI) |
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Référence |
MA000026 |
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Fonds |
SCEAUX |
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Série |
sceaux; collection Bourgogne |
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Cote |
SC/B20 |
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Analyse |
Moulage du sceau de Léon VI, roi d'Arménie. Légende
fruste en latin. |
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Dates |
1384-10-31 (2Î) |
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Support |
plâtre pris sur
cire originale |
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Forme |
rond, diamètre 33 mm |
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Tomb of Leo V in the Couvent de
Celestins, Paris
Photo H.d,Vl
03.05, 2014 Tomb of Leo V in the Basilica of St Denis, Paris,
now INscribed: Cy
gist tres noble et excellent prince Leon de Lizingnen quint roy latin du
royaume d'Armenie qui rendit l'ame a Dieu a Paris le XXIXe jour de novembre
l'an de grace M.CCC.IIIIXX.XIII. |
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Conrad Grüneberg 1483 In the head of this article the
arms of the Rey de ermenia from
the Livro de Armeia Mor, Portugal 1505. |
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KINGS OF CILICIA |
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KNGS OF CILICIA House
of Rupen
Leo I Constantine Lampron
Philip of Antiochia ¥ Isabella ¥ Hethum I 1223-1224 1223 1219-1252 1226 1226-1270
House
of Hethum
Leo II 1270-1289
Amaury of. Lusignan ¥ Isabella Hethum II Toros Smpad Constantine I Oshin 1292 1289-1293 1293-1295 1296-1298 1298-1299 1308-1320
Leo III
1301-1307
Leo IV
John (Guy)
Constantine II
House of Lusignan Regent 1341-‘42 1342-1344
Constantine III Neghir 1344-1363
1363-1365
Constantine IV
1365-1368 Peter of Lusignan
1368-1369
Constantine IV
1369-1374
Leo V
1374-1375 After 1. Encyclopaedia
Italiana: Armenia. 2. Sturdza, Mihail Dumitru: Grandes Familles de Grèce,
d'Albanie et de Constantinople
Eyalet Adana and surroundings
Arms 17th c entury The Eyalet of Adana (ایالت
ادنه; Eyālet-i Adana) was
an eyalet of the Ottoman Empire, established in 1608, when it was separated
from the Eyalet of Aleppo The Ramadanids played a key role
in 15th-century Ottoman-Mamluk relations, being a buffer state located in the
Mamluk al-'Awasim frontier zone. In 1517, Selim I incorporated the beylik
into the Ottoman Empire after his conquest of the Mamluk state. The beys of Ramadanids held the administration of the
Ottoman sanjak of Adana in a hereditary manner until 1608. Dulkadir Eyalet (ایالت
ذو القادریه /
دولقادر; Eyālet-i Ẕū
l-Ḳādirīye / Ḍūlḳādir) or Marash
Eyalet ( Maraş Eyaleti) was an eyalet of the Ottoman Empire. The Dulkadirids were the last of the Anatolian
emirates to yield to the Ottomans, managing to remain independent until 1521,
and were not fully incorporated into the empire until 1530. The eyalet was
established in 1522. After its disestablishment in 1864, its territories were
united with Aleppo and Diyarbekir eyalets. |
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© Hubert
de Vries 2021-02-04