ČECHY / BÖHMEN
Bohemia
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Bohemia (Čechy / Böhmen) is the westernmost and largest historical region of the Czech lands in the present-day Czech Republic. In a broader meaning, Bohemia sometimes refers to the entire Czech territory, including Moravia and Czech Silesia, especially in a historical context, such as the Lands of the Bohemian Crown ruled by Bohemian kings. Bohemia was a duchy of Great Moravia, later an independent principality, a kingdom in the Holy Roman Empire, and subsequently a part of the Habsburg Monarchy and the Austrian Empire.After World War I and the establishment of an independent Czechoslovak state, Bohemia became a part of Czechoslovakia. Between 1938 and 1945, border regions with sizeable German-speaking minorities of all three Czech lands were joined to Germany as the Sudetenland. The remainder of Czech territory became the Second Czechoslovak Republic and was subsequently occupied as the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia, In 1969, the Czech lands (including Bohemia) were given autonomy within Czechoslovakia as the Czech Socialist Republic. In 1990, the name was changed to the Czech Republic, which become a separate state in 1993 with the dissolution of Czechoslovakia. |
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House of Przemysl |
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Bořivoj I |
870-895 |
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Spythinĕv I |
895-912 |
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Vratislav I |
912-921 |
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St. Wenceslas |
921-929 |
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Boleslav I, de
Wrede |
929-972 |
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Boleslav II, the
Pious |
972-999 |
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Boleslav II, the
Red |
999-1002 |
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Vladivoj |
1002-1003 |
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Jaromir |
1003 |
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Boleslav III, the
Red |
1003 |
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Bolesław I |
Duke of Poland
1003-1004 |
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Jaromir |
1004-1012 |
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Ulrich |
1012-1033 |
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Jaromir |
1033-1034 |
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Břetislav I |
1034-1055 |
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Spythiněv II |
1055-1061 |
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Vratislav II |
1061-1085 King 1085-1092 |
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King
Vratislav II Vysehrad Codex, Státní Knihovny CSR v Praze, Ms. XIV
A 13, fol 68a. The Vysehrad Codex is a coronation
evangeliarum, made at the occasion of the first coronation of a King of
Bohemia, Vratislav II. ca. 1085, probably in Prague. Within the initial is a
prince, probably Vratislav as a duke (1061-’85). The prince is sitting on a
lion-throne and has in his left hand a spear with a yellow banner or pennon.
On his head a peculiar headdress consisting of a red cap with feline claws as
pendants. |
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Conrad |
1092 |
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Břetislav II |
1092-1100 |
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Bořivoj II |
1100-1107 |
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Svatopluk |
1107-1109 |
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Vladislav I |
1109-1125 |
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Soběslav I |
1125-1140 |
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Vladislav II (I) |
Duke 1140-1158 King 1158-1173 |
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In 1147, Vladislav accompanied King Conrad on
the Second Crusade, but halted his march at Constantinople and subsequently
returned On his way back to Bohemia, he passed through Kiev and Kraków. In return for military support against free
northern Italian cities (especially Milan) for the emperor Frederick
Barbarossa, Vladislav was elected king of Bohemia on 11 January 1158. He thus
became the second Bohemian king to boast the royal dignity after Vratislaus
II. He was also invested with Upper Lusatia at
Regensburg and his coronation was celebrated in a second ceremony at Milan on
8 September. Vladislav was a firm ally of the emperor Frederick.
He duly accompanied him to Milan in 1158. During the Italian expeditions of
1161, 1162, and 1167, Vladislav entrusted the command of the Czech contingent
to his brother Duke Děpold I of Jamnitz and his son Frederick. Of Vladislav II is said that he had an
eagle in his shield when participating in the Second Crusade but on a fresco
in Znojmo he is represented with a shield of a more common design with a large buckle and a border.
Duke
Vratislav II, 1142 Fresco in the Tower of St. Catherine, Znojmo On his
head a crown and in his right hand a lily-sceptre. With his left hand
supporting a large norman shield with green bordure and large buckle, a two
coloured banner (white and red?) of three lappets.
Other
warriors in Znojmo
Royal
seals 1169 |
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Frederick |
1173 |
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Soběslav II |
1173-1178 |
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Frederick |
1178-1189 |
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1182 separation of the markgraviate of Moravia |
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Conrad III Otto |
Margrave of
Moravia 1182?-1191 Duke of Bohemia 1189-1191 |
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Wenceslas II |
1191-1192 |
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Premysl
Ottokar I |
1192-1193 |
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Otakar I (Ottokar or Přemysl I. Otakar),
king of Bohemia (1198 - 1230), was a younger son of King Vladislav II (d.
1174) and a member of the Přemyslid dynasty. His early years were passed amid the
anarchy which prevailed everywhere in the country, after several struggles,
in which he took part, he was recognized as ruler of Bohemia by the emperor
Henry VI in 1192. He was, however, soon overthrown for joining a conspiracy
of German princes to bring down the Hohenstaufen monarchy.
Seal
of Premysl Otakar I, dated 1192. Rider on
horseback, carrying a shield with an eagle. Legend: DVX PREMISL |
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Henry
Břetislav |
† 1197 Bishop of Prague
1182 Duke of Bohemia
1193-1197 |
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1194 ca Seal: Standing warrior with spear and shield with eagle. L.: X S IVSTICIE TOCIVS : TERRE SCI WENCESLAI DVCIS BOEM.On a scroll in the hand of the
warrior WENCESLAV CITATA OIVDIDIVM. On
his halo: S WENCESLAV. (Seyler gesch. p. 250 Taf. 2.
5) These arms
are meant to be of all territories of St. Wenceslas (921-929), that is
Bohemia and Moravia. 1194 Arms:
Eagle (Seyler Gesch. p. 250) |
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Vladislav III
Henry |
* 1160 ca - †1222 Margrave of Moravia 1182-1222 Duke of Bohemia
1197 |
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In 1197 Moravia became a fief of the Bohemian crown again. |
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Wratislaw |
*1188 ca - † 1225 |
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Enfeoffed by Otto IV in 1212 |
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Přemysl
Ottokar I Wenceslas I |
Duke 1197 King 1198-1230 co-regent 1228-1230 |
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In 1197 Otakar forced his brother, duke
Vladislav III Jindřich, to abandon Bohemia to him and to content himself
with Moravia. Taking advantage of the German civil war between the
Hohenstaufen claimant Philip of Swabia and the Welf candidate Otto IV,
Ottokar declared himself King of Bohemia. This title was supported by Philip
of Swabia who needed Czech military support against Otto (1198). In 1199 he divorced his wife, Adelheid of
Meissen, a member of the Wettin (dynasty) for a marriage with Constance of
Hungary, the young daughter of the Hungarian King Bela III. In 1200 - with Otto IV in the ascendancy,
Otakar abandoned his pact with Philip and declared for the Welf faction. Both
Otto IV and Pope Innocent III subsequently accepted Otakar as hereditary King
of Bohemia. (In 1203 and 1204 respectively). Philip's consequent invasion of Bohemia was
successful. Otakar, having been compelled to pay a fine, again ranged himself
among Philip's partisans and still later was among the supporters of the
young king, Frederick II. In 1212 Frederick granted the Golden Bull of Sicily
to Bohemia. This document recognised Otakar and his heirs as Kings of
Bohemia. The King was no longer subject to appointment by the Emperor, and
was only required to attend Diets close to the Bohemian border. Although a
subject of the Holy Roman Empire, the Bohemian King was to be the leading
electoral prince of the empire and to furnish all subsequent Emperors with a
bodyguard of 300 knights when they went to Rome for their coronation. 1199 Arms:
eagle [1] Přemysl
Ottokar I., from 1198 King of Bohemia,
ordered a new seal, entirely in the intentions of his royal
predecessors: it is a seal of majesty on the averse and of St. Wenceslas on
the reverse. The averse imitated the contemporary emperor's seals of
Byzantine style, with the motto: X PAX REGIS PREMIZL IN MANV SANCTI WENCEZLAI. The image of St. Wenceslas
depicted on the reverse was only a simpler version of the figure depicted on the
averse but with the attributes of the patron saint. In the legend are the
name and ducal title of the patron saint of the Přemyslid dynasty. The
structure of this seal underlines the importance of the royal dignity, and
the higher Přemysl Ottokar I tended with his ambitions, the more
magnificent his seals became. In the course of his reign, the seal stamp has
been changed several times, but the basic scheme has not changed, only the
more perfect engraving corresponds to the rising power of the Bohemian king
and the majesty of the governing Přemysliden. [2]
Golden
Bull of 24. 07. 1224 Narodni archiv Benediktini Břevnov č10 Obv: The King on his throne with crown, lily-sceptre and globe Legend.: X PAX REGIS
OTACARI IN MANU S CI WENCEXLAI.
Golden
Bull of 24. 07. 1224 Narodni archiv Benediktini Břevnov č10 Rev: (St.) Wenceslas seated, in his right hand a banner and in his left a shield with an eagle. Legend: X SANCTUS • WENCEZIAUS BOEMORUM DUX.[3] |
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Wenceslas
I Přemysl Ottokar II the Great |
1205 - † 22.09.1253 Co-regent 1228 King 1230-1253 Co-king 31.06.1248 |
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Wenceslas I (1230-1253) continued the old tradition of Bohemian rulers. He had a seal of his own, a one-sided equestrian seal with the coat of arms of an eagle in the shield of the knight, while his father Přemysl Ottokar I. reigned After his ascent to a Bohemian king, Wenceslas I. had a new seal made, and this repeated, with the exception of minor points, the last wax seal of his father. Such resumption probably symbolized fidelity to the dynastic traditions of the Přemyslids and the consciousness of the state ideology of Bohemian rulers in the course of time. This type of seal of Wenceslas I was never changed during his reign, and it includes the first development period of the seals of the Bohemian dukes and dukes and kings from 17. The following Přemyslids: Přemysl Ottokar II, Wenceslas II and Wenceslas III. retained the form of the coin seal, but the seal images, as in the other countries of Europe, represent the domination of the Bohemian kings over several territories. [4]
Equestrian
seal of Wenceslas I, 24.07.1224 Narodni Archiv Benediktini Břevnov č 10[5] 1238 Arms: Eagle |
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Přemysl Ottokar II succeeded in 1247
in Moravia and then bore the coat of arms of his predessors in Moravia which was a lion (Argent) since Henry
Bretislav (1197). When he succeeded also in Bohemia he retained the arms with
the lion and the arms with the eagle became obsolete. Æ See: Bohemia: The Arms with the Lion
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Vladislav III Henry |
* 1160 ca - †1222 Margrave of Moravia 1182-1222 Duke of Bohemia 1197 |
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In 1197 Moravia became a fief of the Bohemian crown again. In that year a lion was introduced in Bohemian heraldry, then, apparently as the personal emblem of the Margrave of Moravia and Duke of Bohemia. At the same time an eagle became the emblem of the Bohemian-Moravian monarchy,
Equestrian
seal 1197 Arms: Lion Legend: HEINRICVS DEI GRACIA MARCHIO MORAVIE (Zelenka, 312) Munt of bracteaat uit
de tijd van Wenceslas of Ottokar I: Arms: Lion L.: Nil. Er zijn geen oudere of jongere munten met een lion:
(gezien in het Narodni Museum, Praag) |
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Premysl
Ottokar I Wenceslas I |
1197 King 1198-1230 co-regent 1228-1230 |
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1199 Arms: eagle. (Seyler Gesch. p. 250) |
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Wratislaw |
*1188 ca - † 1225 |
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Enfeoffed by Otto IV in 1212 |
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Wenceslas
I Přemysl Ottokar II the Great |
1205 - † 22.09.1253 Co-regent 1228 King
1230-1253 Co-king 31.06. 1248 |
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On 6 February 1228, Wenceslaus was crowned as a co-ruler of the Kingdom of Bohemia with his father. On 15 December 1230, Ottokar I died and Wenceslaus succeeded him as the senior King of Bohemia. As a co-regent Wenceslas bore a coat of
arms with a lion as documented by Conrad v. Mure: Dumque Bohemie
tibi rubeum clipeum fore ponam Hic albus leo
vult antepreferre coronam “A red shield with a white lion, awaiting the Bohemian crown.” [9] 1238 Arms: Eagle Æ See: Early Arms |
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Přemysl Ottokar II the Great |
*1230-†1278 Markgrave of Moravia 1247 counter-king 31.06.1248 Occupation of Austria & Steiermark 1251 ¥ Margaretha of Austria 1252 King of Bohemia 1253-1278 ¥ Kunigonde of Galicia 1261 Crowned 25.12.1261 Duke of Austria and Steiermark 1261-1276 Duke of Carinthia and Krain 1269 |
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When his brother Vladislaus died in 1247, Ottokar suddenly became the heir to the Bohemian throne. According to popular oral tradition, he was profoundly shocked by his brother's death and did not involve himself in politics, becoming focused on hunting and drinking. As new heir, his father appointed him Margrave of Moravia and Ottokar took his residence in Brno, where he was occupied with the reconstruction of the Moravian lands devastated by Mongol raids. In 1248 he was enticed by discontented nobles to lead a rebellion against his father King Wenceslaus. During this rebellion he was elected “the younger King” (mladší král) on 31 July 1248 and temporarily expelled his father from Prague Castle. Přemysl Ottokar II held the title of King of Bohemia until November 1249. However, he was excommunicated by Pope Innocent IV, whereafter Wenceslaus finally managed to defeat the rebels and imprisoned his son at Přimda Castle. Father and son were eventually reconciled to assist the king's aim of acquiring the neighbouring Duchy of Austria, where the last Babenberg duke Frederick II had been killed in the 1246 Battle of the Leitha River. King Wenceslaus had initially attempted to acquire Austria by marrying his heir, Vladislav, to the last duke’s niece Gertrude of Babenberg. That match had been cut short by Vladislav's death and Gertrude's remarriage to the Zähringen margrave Herman VI of Baden. The latter was rejected by the Austrian nobility and could not establish his rule. Wenceslaus used this as pretext to invade Austria when Herman died in 1250 - according to some sources, the estates called upon him to restore order. Wenceslaus released Přemysl Ottokar very soon and in 1251 again made him Margrave of Moravia and installed him, with the approval of the Austrian nobles, as governor of Austria. The same year Ottokar entered Austria, where the estates acclaimed him as Duke. To legitimize his position, Přemysl Ottokar married the late Duke Frederick II’s sister Margaret of Babenberg, who was his senior by 30 years and the widow of the Hohenstaufen king Henry (VII) of Germany. Their marriage took place on 11 February 1252 at Hainburg. Markgrave
of Moravia 1247-1278 Counter
King 1248-1249; 1251-1253
Equestrian Seal 1251 Arms: Lion: Legend.: X PREMIZL DEI • GRACIA • IUVENIS • REX • BOEMORUM. In 1251 Ottokar occupied Austria and Stiria which Frederick II had taken back after the death of Duke Frederik. In 1252 he married the widow of Roman King Henry VII, Margarethe of Babenberg. King of Bohemia 1253-1278 In 1253, King Wenceslaus died and Přemysl Ottokar succeeded his father as King of Bohemia. After the death of the German King Conrad IV in 1254 while his son Conradin was still a minor, Ottokar also hoped to obtain the Imperial dignity – as King of the Romans - for himself. However, his election bid was unsuccessful and Count William II of Holland, the German anti-king since 1247, was generally recognised. 1253 After the death of his father he continued the alliance with the Hohenstaufen but he opposed the election of Conradin as a Roman King
1270 ca Arms: Gules, a double queued lion Argent crowned Or. Legend: le Roy de boeme. [10]
Seal
of the Kingdom of Bohemia, 1429-‘32 Arms: Bohemia Legend: SIGILLUM CORONE REGNI BOHEMIE |
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By Přemysl Ottokar II a crest was created consisting of a pair of wings Sable, strewn with leaves of lime. This made the arms with the lion the arms of Bohemia and the crested arms the arms of the Bohemian King.
Equestrian
Seal, 1253 Arms: Lion Crest: Wings Banner: Pantel of Stiria (Vert, a Pantel Argent) Horse clothes: the Eagle of Moravia Legend: S OTAKARI DEI
GRACIA QUINTI REGIS BOEMORVM MORAVIE MARCHIONIS
Coat
of arms of the King of Bohemia Hall of the coats of arms, Gozzoburg, Krems Arms: Gules. a double queued lion Argent crowned Or Crest: A pair of wings Sable
Arms
of Přemysl Ottokar II as a crusader Described in 1275 ca: Arms:
(1) Le roy de Boeme, d’argent un lion sable coronné d’or un crois sur l’espall. (Walford’s Roll C.10). (2) Le roy de Boesme, de argent a un lion de sable coroné de or a un croyz d’or sur l’espaule (Walford’s Roll. Cl. 10). [11] Ottokar II is thought to have had these arms while on crusade in Prussia, 1255 and 1267. [12] |
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Wenceslas II of Bohemia |
*1271 - † 1305 King of Bohemia 1283-1305 ¥ Elizabeth of Poland 1300 King of Poland 1300-1305 |
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King
Wenceslas II in the Manesse-Codex fol. 10 r°, 1300 ca 1. Arms: Gules. a double queued lion Argent crowned Or Crest: On a helmet lambrequined Gules, a pair of wings Sable strewn with leaves of lime Or. (Bohemia). 2.Arms: Azure, an eagle chequy Gules and Argent. Crest: On a helmet lambrequined Gules, a pair of wings paly Or and Sable . |
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Wenceslas III of Bohemia |
*1289 - †1306 King of
Hungary 1301-1305 King of Bohemia 1305-1306 King of Poland 1305-1306 |
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House of Habsburg |
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Rudolf III |
*1282-†1307 Duke of Austria 1298-1307 ¥ Elizabeth of Poland, wid. of
Wenceslas II, 1306 King of Bohemia 1306-1307 |
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House of Carinthia |
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Henry of Carinthia
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*1270 - †1335 Duke of Carinthia 1295-1335 Count of Tirol 1295-1335 ¥ Anna, dau. of Wenceslas II, 1307 King of Bohemia 1307-1310 |
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House of Luxemburg |
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John the Blind |
1296-†1346 Count of Luxemburg 1309-1346 ¥
Elizabeth, dau. of Wenceslas II 1310 Tit. King of
Poland 1310-1320 King of Bohemia 1310-1346 |
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Photo H.d.V.2017 King
of Bohemia On the folding table of Lüneburg, from the ducal castle on the Kalkberg. Museum
Lüneburg Arms: Gules, a lion double queued Argent crowned Or. Crest: A pair of wings Sable strewn with leaves of lime Argent
1330
ca The King of Bohemia in the Mainzer Kurfürstenzyklus.
The
royal arms of Germany, France and Bohemia in the Zürcher Wappenrolle, 1335 ca |
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Charles IV, Luxemburg |
*1316 - † 1378 Margrave of Moravia 1333 - 1354 King of Germany elected 11.07.1346 King of
Bohemia 26.08.1346 Count of
Luxemburg 26.08.1346 - 1349 King of Germany, crowned Bonn 26.11.1346 King of Rome, Crowned Aachen 25.07.1349 King of Lombardia 06.01.1355 Roman Emperor
05.04.1355 King of Burgundy 04.06.1365 |
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Armorial
Bellenville fol 12r° 1. Bibl. Nationale de France Paris Arms of
Bohemia with crest of a pair of wings as before.
Arms
of die coninc vā behem in
Armorial Gelre fol 68 v° n°743 Arms of Bohemia with crown and crest of a pair of wings, a latin cross added later (After 1346?).
On
the Charles Bridge, Prague, 14th cent |
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Wenceslas IV of Luxemburg |
*26.02.1361 - † 06.08.1419 King of Bohemia 15.06.1363 |
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King
Arms
of Die Coninc v Behem in Armorial Gelre, fol. 33v°, n°134 Arms: Gules, a lion double queued, crowned Or. Crest: On a helmet lambrequined Sable strewn with leaves of lime Or, a crown of four leaves and a latin cross, a pair of wings Sable strewn with leaves of lime Or
Wild
man with arms, helmet and crest of
Bohemia. Initial “A”
of the Book Chronicles I (Cod. 2761, 2v). From the Wenzelsbibel
(Codices Vindobonensis 2759-2764) Nationalbibliothek Wien. In the time of Wenceslas IV a coat of arms for governance, crowned with a royal crown was introduced. Æ See: Crowned Arms |
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Sigismund of Luxemburg |
*14.02.1368 - †
09.12.1437 Margrave of Brandenburg 1379 - 1388 King of Hungary 1385 Crowned 31.03.1387 Imperial vicar 1400 & 1402 Roman
King 20.09.1410 Re-elected 21.07.1411 Margrave of
Brandenburg 1411 - 1417 Titulairy King of Bohemia 1419 Duke of Luxemburg 1419 King of Lombardia 1431 Roman Emperor 1433 King of Bohemia 1436 |
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Sigismund was a titulary King of Bohemia after the death of his brother Wenceslas in 1419 but he could not effectuate his claim because of the opposition and revolt of the Hussites until 1436. He was in fact but only one year King of Bohemia. Nevertheless he bore, as a son of Charles IV, the arms of Bohemia which can be considered as his family arms as he tried to be a king of Bohemia by right of his father and brother. After his marriage with Mary of Hungary in 1385 he also bore the arms of Arpad as a family arms even when he was not related at all with the Anjous who bore these arms by right of Charles Martel. The impaled of Arpad-Bohemia was also inherited by his grandson Ladislas Posthumus. The State Seal With seals we will meet especially on very special and important envelopes, diplomas and awards, and it is in extraordinary cases |
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House of Habsburg |
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Albrecht II
Habsburg |
*1397 - † 1439 Duke of Austria 1404 Roman King 1438 King of Hungary 1438 King of Bohemia 1438 |
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King
Mannequin
of the arms of Bohemia From: Armorial de l'Europe et de
la Toison d'or 1440 ca The arms of Bohemia are documented several times in the Armorial Bergshammer, compiled in the beginning of the 15th century [13]
Arms: De gu. au lion d’arg. queue fourchée en sautoir arm., lamp. et cour. d’or, C.: un vol d’aigle de sa. semé de pannelles d’or iss. d’une cour. de même, cap d’arg. L.: beomen. (Bergshammer 10) Arms:
De gu. au
lion d’arg. queue fourchée en sautoir arm., lamp. et cour. d’or. C.: un
vol de sa. ch. d’un semé de feuilles de tilleul d’or, cour. d’or, cap. d’herm. L.: beemen. (Bergshammer 38) Arms: De gu. au lion d’arg. queue fourchée en sautoir arm., lamp. et cour. d’or, C.: un vol d’aigle de sa. semé de pannelles d’or. L.: die coninc van bemen (Bergshammer 2113). |
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Ladislas Posthumus |
* 22.02.1440-†23.11.1457 King of Hungary 1446/’52-1457 King of Bohemia 28.X.1453-1457 |
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Frederick van Habsburg Janos Hunyadi Ulrich van Cilli |
Regent
1440-1452 Regent
1446-1453 Regent
1453-1456 |
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House of Podiebrad |
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George |
1458-1471 |
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House of Hunyadi |
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Matthias Corvinus |
*23.02. 1440-†
06.04.1490 Count of Bistritsa 1453 Elected King of Hungary 24.01. 1458 King of Hungary 29.03.1464 King of Bohemia 03.05.1469-1478 ¥ Beatrix of Naples 1475 Titulary King of Bohemia 1478-1490 Duke of Austria 1485 Duke of Stiria, Carinthia and Krain 1485-1469 |
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House of Jagiello |
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Vladislas II Jagiello |
*1456-†1516 King of Bohemia 1471-1516 King of
Hungary 1490-1516 |
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Crested
arms of Bohemia on the Powder Tower, Prague, 1475
The
crested arms of Bohemia in Conrad Grünebergs Wapenbuch, 1483 Arms: The crested arms of Bohemia On both sides
an impresa consisting of a vested
arm coming from a cloud and swinging a rod above a crowned eagle standing on
a ribbon inscribed dod recht. Legend: Der
Küng von Behem des hailigen Romſchen Richs erzſchenk
und kürfurſt / Dye haubtſtat
zv Behaym iſt prag
Painted
glass in Cologne Cathedral 1507
From:
Livro do Almeiro Mor, fol XV. 1509 |
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Louis II |
1516-1526 Knight of the Fleece nr. 145, Brussel 1516 |
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House of Habsburg |
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Ferdinand I |
1526-1564 |
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From: Recueil d'armoiries coloriées, par Alexandre LeBlancq, gallica.bnf.fr, ms. fr. 5233, Bibliothèque Nationale de France
From:
Virgil Solis Wappenbüchlein, 1555 In the 18th century the crested arms were
documented by Johann Siebmachers Wappenbuch
The crested arms of Bohemia by H.G. Ströhl, end of 19th century |
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Wenceslas IV of Luxemburg |
*26.02.1361 - † 06.08.1419 King of Bohemia 15.06.1363 |
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In the time of Wenceslas IV, a coat of arms for governance, crowned with a royal crown was introduced. |
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Crowned
arms on his counterseal [14] |
Crowned
arms in the Chronicle of Ulrich Richental fol.137 |
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The Hussites |
1419-1436 |
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Sigismund of Luxemburg |
*14.02.1368 - †
09.12.1437 Margrave of Brandenburg 1379 - 1388 King of Hungary 1385 Crowned 31.03.1387 Imperial vicar 1400 & 1402 Roman
King 20.09.1410 Re-elected 21.07.1411 Margrave of
Brandenburg 1411 - 1417 Titulairy King of Bohemia 1419 Duke ofLuxemburg 1419 King of Lombardia 1431 Roman Emperor 1433 King of Bohemia 1436 |
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Sigismund was a titulary King van Bohemia after the death of his brother Wenceslas in 1419 but he could not effectuate his claim because of the opposition and revolt of the Hussites until 1436. He was in fact but only one year King of Bohemia. Nevertheless he bore, as a son of Charles IV, the arms of Bohemia which can be considered as his family arms as he tried to be a king of Bohemia by right of his father and brother. After his marriage with Mary of Hungary in 1385 he also bore the arms of Arpad as a family arms even when he was not related at all with the Anjous who bore these arms by right of Charles Martel. The impaled of Arpad-Bohemia was also inherited by his grandson Ladislas Posthumus. |
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House of Habsburg |
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Albrecht II
Habsburg |
*1397 - † 1439 Duke of Austria 1404 King van Rome 1438 King of Hungary 1438 King of Bohemia 1438 |
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King Arms: De gu. au lion d’arg. queue fourchée en sautoir arm., lamp. et cour. d’or. L.: beemen (Bergshammer 28) |
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Ladislas Posthumus |
* 22.02.1440-†23.11.1457 King van Hungary 1446/’52-1457 King van Bohemia 28.X.1453-1457 |
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Frederick van Habsburg Janos Hunyadi Ulrich van Cilli |
Regent
1440-1452 Regent
1446-1453 Regent
1453-1456 |
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Johan Hunyadi,
regent Ulrich
van Cilli Regent 1453-1456 King
of Bohemia 1453-1457 |
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House of Podiebrad |
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George |
1458-1471 |
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House of Hunyadi |
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Matthias Corvinus |
*23.02. 1440-† 06.04.1490 Count of Bistritsa 1453 Elected King of Hungary
24.01. 1458 King of Hungary
29.03.1464 King of Bohemia
03.05.1469-1478 ¥
Beatrix of Naples 1475 Titulary King of Bohemia
1478-1490 Duke of Austria 1485 Duke of Stiria, Carinthia and Krain 1485-1469 |
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House of Jagiello |
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Vladislas II Jagiello |
*1456-†1516 King of Bohemia 1471-1516 King of
Hungary 1490-1516 |
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By
Albrecht Dürer, 1517 |
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Louis II |
1516-1526 Knight of the Fleece nr. 145, Brussel 1516 |
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Painted
glass, Stiftskirche Ansbach (Bavaria) |
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House of Habsburg |
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Ferdinand I |
1526-1564 |
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On
a map of Silesia, 1561 |
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Maximilian II |
1564-1576 |
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From
a book, 1550-‘73 in the National Library in Vienna [15] |
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Rudolf II |
1576-1611 |
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From: Amman, Jost: Stamm und Wappenbuch. Frankfurt a/Main,
1579 & 1589.
From: Martin Schrot, Wappenbuch, 1581 With the legend: Beham, Ein weissen Löwen / mit der gulden Cron / im rothen Schilde / darob ein Beiſerliche guldene Cron . |
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Matthias |
1611-1619 |
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The
Bohemian Revolt Without heirs, Emperor Matthias sought to assure an orderly transition during his lifetime by having his dynastic heir (the fiercely Catholic Ferdinand of Styria, later Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor) elected to the separate royal thrones of Bohemia and Hungary. Some of the Protestant leaders of Bohemia feared they would be losing the religious rights granted to them by Emperor Rudolf II in his Letter of Majesty (1609). They preferred the Protestant Frederick V, elector of the Palatinate (successor of Frederick IV, the creator of the Protestant Union). However, other Protestants supported the stance taken by the Catholics, and in 1617, Ferdinand was duly elected by the Bohemian Estates to become the crown prince, and automatically upon the death of Matthias, the next king of Bohemia. The king-elect then sent two Catholic councillors (Vilem Slavata of Chlum and Jaroslav Borzita of Martinice) as his representatives to Prague Castle in Prague in May 1618. Ferdinand had wanted them to administer the government in his absence. On 23 May 1618, an assembly of Protestants seized them and threw them (and also secretary Philip Fabricius) out of the palace window, which was some 21 m off the ground. Although injured, they survived. This event, known as the (Second) Defenestration of Prague, started the Bohemian Revolt. Soon afterward, the Bohemian conflict spread through all of the Bohemian Crown, including Bohemia, Silesia, Upper and Lower Lusatia, and Moravia. Moravia was already embroiled in a conflict between Catholics and Protestants. The religious conflict eventually spread across the whole continent of Europe, involving France, Sweden, and a number of other countries. The death of Emperor Matthias emboldened the rebellious Protestant leaders, who had been on the verge of a settlement. The weaknesses of both Ferdinand (now officially on the throne after the death of Emperor Matthias) and of the Bohemians themselves led to the spread of the war to western Germany. Ferdinand was compelled to call on his nephew, King Philip IV of Spain, for assistance. The Bohemians, desperate for allies against the emperor, applied to be admitted into the Protestant Union, which was led by their original candidate for the Bohemian throne, the Calvinist Frederick V, Elector Palatine. The Bohemians hinted Frederick would become King of Bohemia if he allowed them to join the Union and come under its protection. However, similar offers were made by other members of the Bohemian Estates to the Duke of Savoy, the Elector of Saxony, and the Prince of Transylvania, Gabor Bethlen. The Austrians, who seemed to have intercepted every letter leaving Prague, made these duplicities public.This unraveled much of the support for the Bohemians, particularly in the court of Saxony. In spite of these issues surrounding their support, the rebellion initially favoured the Bohemians. They were joined in the revolt by much of Upper Austria, whose nobility was then chiefly Lutheran and Calvinist. Lower Austria revolted soon after, and in 1619, Count Thurn led an army to the walls of Vienna itself. Moreover, within the British Isles, Frederick V's cause became seen as that of Elizabeth Stuart, described by her supporters as "The Jewell of Europe",leading to a stream of tens of thousands of volunteers to her cause throughout the course of the Thirty Years' War. In the opening phase, an Anglo-Dutch regiment under Horace Vere headed to the Palatinate, a Scots-Dutch regiment under Colonel John Seton moved into Bohemia, and that was joined by a mixed "Regiment of Brittanes" (Scots and English) led by the Scottish Catholic Sir Andrew Gray.Seton's regiment was the last of the Protestant allies to leave the Bohemian theatre after tenaciously holding the town of Třeboň until 1622, and only departing once the rights of the citizens had been secured. |
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House of Wittelsbach |
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Frederick V |
1619-1620 |
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House of Habsburg |
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Ferdinand II |
1620-1637 |
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Ferdinand III |
1637-1646 |
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Böhmische
Landesordnung, 1640 |
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Ferdinand IV |
1653-1654 |
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Leopold I |
1656-1705 |
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Arms: Bohemia Crown: An electorscap recrowned with a royal crown Order: Of the Fleece Legend: LEOPOLDVS D.G. HVNGARIÆ
BOHEMIÆ REX HÆREDIARIVS ARCHIDVX AVSTRIÆ |
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From: Jefarovic, Christofor: Izobrajenie
Uruji Illyriceskich Avtorom Pavlom Ritterom v dialekt latinskom izdanoje na
ckrit i po ego urajdenio na slavsno serbski jezije. 1741. |
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House of Wittelsbach |
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Charles VII Wittelsbach |
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House of Habsburg |
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Maria Theresia |
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Joseph II |
1780-1790 |
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Leopold II |
1790-1792 |
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Engraving
by Franz Johann Joseph Reilly, 1791 |
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Francis I (II) |
1792-1835 |
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Ferdinand V |
1835-1848 |
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Francis-Joseph |
1848-1916 |
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After the revolution of 1848, the Bohemian coat of arms was considered Bohemeian national symbols. The original country flag consisted of two equal stripes – an upper white one and a lower red one. These were derived from the silver double-tailed lion on a red field.
Bohemian coat of arms crested with the St. Wenceslas’ crown in the meeting hall of the Chamber of Deputies of the Bohemian Kingdom from 1860s.
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The
kingdom Abolished 1918 |
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Æ
To: The
Bohemian Monarchy |
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