KINGDOM OF NAPLES
Part 2
Anjou and Habsburg
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René |
1435-1442 |
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Armorial bearings of René of Anjou From:
Hours of René d’Anjou fol. 4 v° (British Library) Initially
the arms of René were the arms of
Anjou-Valois. When he succeeded in the duchy of Bar in 1424 he quarterd these
arms with the arms of Bar. When he had married the heiress of the duchy of
Lorraine in 1431 he added the arms of Lorraine on an escutcheon in nombril
point. After his succession in Naples he added the quarters of the arms of Joanna and his arms became: Arms: Per fess, the first tierced per
pale of Arpad, Anjou-Naples and Jeruzalem; the second tierced per pale of
Anjou Valois, Bar and Lorraine. Crest: On a crowned helmet affronté
lambrequined of France, a three-dimensional fleur de lys Or, plumed Gules. To make
his achievement René added two (golden) eagles for supporters. The achievement
is on his seals, the first with the legend X RENATI DEI GRA
IHRLM & CICIL REG ANDEGAUIE ET LOTH DUCIS COM PROUICIE &C. The
second with the leggend: X S * REGIS *
IHRLM * & * SICILIE ORDINATUM * BARRI * & * LOTHARINGIE. [1] Seals with the achievement of Alfonso I (V) In 1442
Alfonso V of Aragon was ready to realize his claims on the Neapolitan crown.
He set out for Naples and when he appeared before its coast René embarked for
France (12 June 1442), never to return. |
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Alfonso I (V) the Magnanimous |
*1394-†1458 King of Aragon and Sicily-Trinacria
1416-1458 King of
Sicily-Naples 1442-1458 Knight Toison d’Or
N° 42 1445 |
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Alfonso
ascended the Neopolitan throne and called himself from then on Rex
Siciliæ Citra et Ultra Pharum. The island and the mainland remained united
until his death in 1458. Contrary
to René he did not combine the arms of his territories on one shield. In
Naples Alfonso bore a quarterly of Naples and Aragon, in Sicily the arms
quarterly in saltire and in Aragon the arms paly. His seal
shows his royal and armorial bearings: |
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Seal of 4 March 1454: Obverse: The king on a
lion’s throne, a globe in his left hand, between two crowned shields. The
dexter: ¼ of a tierced of Arpad, France and Jeruzalem, for Naples; and a paly
for Barcelona. The sinister a cross potent. Legend (completed): X ALFONSUS DEI GRACIA
REX ARAGONUM SICILE CITRA ET ULTRA FARUM VALENCIE HUNGARIE IERUSALEM
MAIORICARUM |
Reverse: Equestrian seal:
The king on horseback in full armory, at his arm a shield of the arms
quarterly described above, his helmet crested with a winged dragon issuant. Legend (continuation of
the obverse): SARDINIE ET CORSICE
COMES BARCHINONE DUX ATHENARUM ET NEOPATRIE AC COMES ROSSILIONIS ER
CERITANIE. [5] |
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. Armorial bearings of
Alfonso V (reconstruction after his equestrian seal) |
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Ferdinand I |
1458-1494 Knight Toison d’Or n° 74, Valenciennes, 1473 |
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In Naples
Alfonso was succeeded by his illegitimate son Ferdinand I. He and his descendants
ruled, not without effort, until 1501. According
to his armorial bearings as a Knight of the Fleece, Ferdinand bore a
quarterly of Aragon (Barcelona) and the tierded arms of Naples. On his coins
however, the arms are the same as those of his father. Photo
H.d.V. 2000. Armorial bearings of Ferdinand I with the legend “Ferdinand Roy de
Naples” Mechelen,
St. Rombouts Kathedraal Arms: ¼: 1 & 4: Barcelona; 2&3:
1|3 Arpad, Naples, Jeruzalem. Crest.: A helmet affrontée Or,
lambrequined Gules and Or, a dragon issuant also Or. Order: Of the Fleece Golden Ducat of Ferdinand I |
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Alfonso II son of Ferdinand I |
1494-1495 |
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Ferdinand II son of Alfonso II |
1495-1496 |
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Alfonso II and his son both bore the arms of Alfonso I. They were on their golden
ducats. |
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Frederick III 2nd son of
Ferdinand I |
*1452 –†1504 1496-1501 |
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Arms of Frederick III, in the corners his imprese From: The Hours of Frederick
of Aragon / Horai ad usum fratrum praedicatorum. BNF Paris Ms Latin 10532 The motto DVCIT AS
SVMMVS GLORIA COELITES means: Leads to
great glory in heaven However,
a Portuguese Armorial dated about 1509, which is about six years after
Ferdinand captured Naples, gives the armorial bearings of Aragon as: Armorial bearings of Aragon, the crest replaced by a crown Livro
do Armeiro Mor, fol.15. 1509 ca [6] Separation of the Duchy of Sicilia Citrafarum by Treaty of Granada,
11.11.1500, until the Treaty of
Madrid, 1527. |
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*1452-†1516 King of
Sicily-Trinacria 1468-1515 ¥ 1469 Isabella I
of Castile Knight Toison d’Or
n° 73, Valencijn 1473 King of Castilia
1474-1516 King of Aragon
1479-1516 King of Granada
1492-1516 King of
Sicily-Naples 1503-1515 ¥ 1506 Germaine van
Foix King of Navarra
1512-1516 |
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It is
known that as a King of Aragon and of Sicily-Trinacria Ferdinand bore Castile-Leon
quartered with an impaled of Aragon (Barcelona) and Sicily-Trinacria. As a king
of Naples he bore after 1503: Ducat of the Catholic Kings showing their royal arms for Naples L.: FERNANDUS ET ELISAB.
D.G. Arms: ¼: 1&4 ¼ of Castile and Leon;
2. 1|2 the dexter of Aragon (Barcelona), the sinister tierced per pale of
Jeruzalem, Anou-Naples and Hungary (Arpad), 3. 1|2 of Aragon (Barcelona) and
Sicily-Trinacria. And enté en point of Granada |
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Joanna
of Aragon (the Mad) Charles
I (V) of Habsburg |
1515-1555 1516-1555 |
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The royal
arms of Queen Joanna and her son Charles V for all of Sicily are on their
seal: Armorial Seal of 1515-’19 Crowned
arms and the legend: ioanna et carolvs roma impe eivs filivs reges
hispanie vtrivsqe sicilie indiar insvlar : X : ac tere firme
maris oceani et &c. [7] Arms: ¼: I&IV: ¼: 1& 4: ¼ van Castilia
and Leon; 2. 1|3 Aragon, Jeruzalem and Hungary (Arpad); 3. 1|2 Aragon and
Sicily-Trinacria. II&III: The Netherlands. Crown of 5 fleurs de lys. Their
achievement after the second coronation of Charles in 1530 shows the arms
slightly modified Photo H.d.V. Achievement above the entrance of
the Castle of L’Aquila, 1543. Arms.: ½
I. ¼: 1&4: ¼ Castilia and Leon, the 4th enté en point of Granada;
2. 1|2: 1. ½ of
Aragon and Navarra; 2. 1|2
Jeruzalem (Acre) and Hungary (Arpad); 3. 1|2 of Aragon and Sicily-Trinacria
enté en point of Granada II. ¼ of Brabant, Valois, Burgundy and Limburg. (!)
Escutcheon in nombril point: Austria (Babenberg) archducally crowned. Crown: Of 5 fleurs de lys Order: Of the Fleece. Supporter: A two headed crowned eagle recrowned
with the Imperial Crown. Impresa: On both sides of the shield two
pairs of Piles of Hercules connected by a ribbon with the motto plvs vltra, and crowned with a royal
crown. Later the
achievement was simplified: Coin of Charles I (V), 1550. With
the legend: ESPAN VTRIVS SICIL The
achievement is: Arms: per pale: I. the first for Spain:
½: 1. ¼ of Castile and Leon 2. ¼ of Austria (Babenberg), Valois, Burgundy and
Brabant; II. the second for Sicily: ½: The chief ¼:
1&4: Aragon (Barcelona) 2. Sicily Trinacria; 3. Navarra; The base
1|3 of Jeruzalem, Anjou Naples and Hungary (Arpad). And enté en point of
Granada. Supporter: A crowned two-headed eagle, recrowned with the
Imperial Crown. Both
achievements are different from the achievements used in Sicilia Trinacria,
Spain and the Netherlands.½ |
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Philip I (II) |
* 21.05.1527-†13.09.1598 Knight Toison d’Or
n° 176, Doornik 1531 Duke of Milan 1540 Regent in Spain 1542 ¥ Maria I, Queen of Engeland 1554 (†1558) King of Naples 1554 Lord of the
Netherlands 25.10.1555 King of Spain 1556 |
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The seal
of Philip I for use in Naples shows him sitting on his throne and supporting
with his left hand his arms. Seal of Philip I for use in Naples. With
the legend: PHILIPPVS D G ANGLIÆ FRANCIÆ NEAPOLIS ET HIERVSALEM REX. The arms
are: Arms: ½ I. The chief ½, the first per
pale of Castilia&Leon and Aragon (Barcelona); the second 1|3 of
Jeruzalem, Hungary (Arpad) and Sicily Trinacria. II The base for the Netherlands. Crown: Of five fleurs de lys The arms
on the reverse of the seal, which is an equestrian seal are surrounded by the
Order of the Fleece. Later,
when a king of Spain, the arms for Naples were modified by rearranging the
quarters, the quarters for Spain and the Netherlands occupying the dexter
half and the quarters for Sicily-Naples the sinister half. This
arrangement was continued until the end of Habsburg rule in Naples. |
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Arms on the counterseal of Philip II |
Gold coin of Philip II, 1582 |
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The arms
on the royal palace built for Philip III (1598-1621) in 1600 shows a larger
and augmented version of the royal arms. Royal arms on the Royal Palace in Naples, 1600. |
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Philip IV, 1621-‘65 (1622) |
Charles II 1665-1700
(1689) |
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22.10.1647-05.04.1648 |
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The Neapolitan
Republic was a Republic created in Naples, which lasted from 22 October
1647 to 5 April 1648. It began after the successful revolt led by Masaniello
and Giulio Genoino against King Philip III and his
viceroys. The leader of
the Republic was Henry II of Lorraine, duke of Guise,
descendant of the former king of Naples René I of Anjou. The Republic
had the official names of: Serenissima Repubblica di questo regno di
Napoli ("Most Serene Republic of this Kingdom of Naples"), Reale
Repubblica ("Royal Republic"), and Serenissima Monarchia
repubblicana di Napoli (“Most Serene Republican Monarchy of Naples”). All
indicated the double nature of the Republic, both republican and monarchical,
and “Serenissima” borrowed from the famous Italian maritime republic with the
same title, Venice. Coin
with the arms of the Neopolitan Republic The legend reads: HEN DE
LORENA DUX REIP NE The coat of
arms was a red shield with the motto S.P.Q.N. (i.e., Senatus
Populusque Neapolitanus = The Senate and People of Naples), in imitation
of the well-known S.P.Q.R. of the city of Rome. The achievement
of Henry II when the leader of the republic was: Achievement
of Henry II de Guise, 1647. [8] Arms: Per fess the first per pale of Hungary
(Arpad) Anjou-Naples, Jeruzalem and Aragon (Barcelona); the second per pale
of Valois, Gelre, Julich and Bar. And an escutcheon in nombril point of
Lorraine. And in chief a label of three. Crown: Of five leaves Crest: A crowned eagle with a crown around his
neck pending therefrom a patriarchal cross, issuant. Supporters: Two eagles as of the crest A younger
version of the arms shows the same arms, the crest and supporters replaced by
a mantling of the arms. Arms
of Henry II de Guise 1668 [9]
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Philip
IV (V) |
1700-1707 Knight Toison d’Or
n° 619, 1701 |
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Charles II of Habsburg was succeeded in Naples by Philip V of Bourbon. His arms were: Arms: Per fess, the chief for Spain,
the base for the Netherlands, enté en point of Flanders and Tirol impaled,
and in fess point France. Crown: A roya crown of five hoops. Orders: Of the Holy Ghost (France 1578)
and of the Fleece (Burgundy, 1429). His
achievement showed these arms supported by two lions. |
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House of Habsburg-Austria |
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Charles
III (VI) |
1707-1735 Knight T.d’O. n° 588, 1697 |
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In 1707
Philip was forced to give ground to Charles VI of Habsburg-Austria, who was
recognised as a king of Naples by the Treaty of Utrecht, ratified 1713. Usually
Charles VI bore the arms of Charles V for Spain and the Netherlands, also
borne by Philip II before 1580 (when the arms of Portugal were added). It was
per fess of Spain and the Netherlands, royally crowned and surroundd by the
Order of the Fleece. His achievement, adopted 1715 consisted of his larger
arms supported by a two-headed eagle with sword, sceptre and orb. In the
larger arms the blason for Naples was in the fourth quarter[10]: Arms.: ¼: I. 1/6
Arpad, Hungary, Bohemia, Dalmatia, Croatia, Bosnia. Escutcheon:
Austria-Babenberg; II. ¼ Castilia, Leon, Aragon, Sicily-Trinacria. Escutcheon: Habsburg; III. ¼ Brabant, Swabia,
Antwerp, Flanders; Escutcheon: Burgundy; IV. ¼: Sicily-Naples; Jeruzalem, Navarra, India.
Escutcheon: Barcelona.
Enté en point 1|2 Tirol-Milan. Crown:
Royal crown 5,4,5. Supporter: Two-headed eagle with sword,
sceptre and orb. On his
seal the eagle is crowned with the Imperial Crown. |
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© Hubert de Vries 2012-11-23. Updated 2015.07.15
[1] Vredius, Olivarius: Genealogica Comitum Flandriae a Balduino Ferreo
usque ad Philippum IV Hisp. Regem. Brugge, 1642. pp. 105-106
[2] Pinoteau, Hervé: Les ordres de chevalerie du
roi de France et l’héraldique. In: Genealogica & Heraldica. Copenhagen,
1980./1982. p. 257.
[3] Hefner O.T. von a.o.: Die
Wappen der ausserdeutschen Souveräne und Staaten. Nürnberg, 1870. Taf. 21, p. 10. The arms are on
a golden seal on a Treaty of Division of
1501, allied with the arms of
France.
[4] For the Order of the Crescent see: Vale, M.:
War and Chivalry. London, 1981, pp. 51-62 and a short section in Palliot. P.:
La Vraye et Parfaite Sciendce des Armoiries. Dyon, 1660, pp. 500-501. A
predecessor of the order was founded in 1448-’51.
[5] Secret
Archives of the Vatican: ASV Atti diplomatici e privati. b 39, n. 1149. In: Il
Sigillo nella storia e nella cultura . Roma, 1985. No 35.
[6] The “Livro
do Armeiro-Mor” is in the Intituto de
Arquivos Nacionais/Torre do Tombo, Lissabon. Instituto dos Archivos Nacionais
[7] Vredius, Olivarius: Genealogica
Comitum Flandriae a Balduino Ferreo usque ad Philippum IV Hisp. Regem. Brugge,
1642. p.
190
[8] Partenope Liberata overo Racconto
dell’Heroica risolutione fatta del Popolo di Napoli. Napoli, 1647. Frontispiece
[9]
Les Memoires du fev monsievr Le Duc de Guise. Paris,
1668. Frontispiece
[10]
Gall, Franz: Österreichische Wappenkunde. Handbuch der
Wappenwissenschaft. Wien/Köln, 1977. Taf. 6, p. 46